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Annapolis, MD, June 9 – This week, the Maryland Governor’s Workforce Development Board (GWDB) met to discuss policies and priorities for moving the Old Line State’s economy forward. In response, the national disability inclusion organization RespectAbility weighed in with their perspective on how to advance new opportunities for workers with disabilities and close crucial gaps in Maryland’s economy.
“When it was passed with broad, bipartisan support in 2014, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) invested unprecedented resources into efforts to get people with barriers to employment into the labor force,” said the Honorable Steve Bartlett, former Member of Congress, the former Mayor of Dallas and current Chairman of RespectAbility. “Now, after the pandemic that has reshaped our economy, it is time to implement policies that will drive a truly equitable recovery that helps people with disabilities and other marginalized communities get back to work.”
There are 324,652 working-age Marylanders living with some form of disability. In the economic expansion prior to COVID-19, fully 43.6 percent of them had jobs. However, because of COVID, more than 1 million workers with disabilities have lost their jobs nationwide. Now, as more Americans get vaccinated and more people get back to work, it is crucial that policy makers implement best practices.
“Our economy is at its best when all people, including people with disabilities, can earn an income and become independent, just like anyone else,” said Philip Kahn-Pauli, RespectAbility’s Policy and Practices Director. “Companies including Microsoft, JPMC, Coca-Cola and others have seen that talented people with disabilities can bring unique experiences, innovation and determination to organizations. It is time for more Maryland-based companies to benefit from the skills and insights that workers with disabilities bring to the table.”
In their comments to the Maryland Governor’s Workforce Development Board (GWDB), RespectAbility’s team articulated a vision focused on closing gaps in outcomes, tracking metrics around disability and race, fighting stigmas that harm the employment aspirations of millions of Americans with disabilities, expanding Project SEARCH to help meet the needs of the caring economy and encouraging entrepreneurship.
RespectAbility’s full testimony is presented below:
To: The Maryland Governor’s Workforce Development Board (GWDB)
From: The Board of Directors, Senior Leaders and Staff Members, RespectAbility
Re: Public Comments on Workforce and WIOA Plans for Maryland
Date: June 9, 2021
Dear Board Chair Dubin and Executive Director DiGiacomo,
Thank you for your deep commitment to strengthening Maryland, expanding opportunities for people who want to work and to building a better future.
We are writing about the more than 324,000 working age people with disabilities in Maryland. RespectAbility is a national non-profit that fights stigmas and advances opportunities for people with disabilities. Our organization’s connections to Maryland run deep. Much of our staff lives in Montgomery County and Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi, our President and CEO, lives in Potomac, Maryland.
As such, we wanted to take this opportunity to offer our comments on how to improve Maryland policies and practices under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) as well as drive innovative approaches to apprenticeship through a lens of equity, intersectionality, and disability. Here are several proposals:
Track working-age disability data to drive decision making and disaggregate it by race
All too often, disability status is not a data point that guides the actions, investments and efforts of state or local workforce development boards. Even though WIOA designated people with barriers to employment as a priority population under the law, many states are using inadequate data that does not use focus efforts on the right metrics or best practices.
First, it is critical to recognize that the overwhelming majority, fully 70 percent of people with disabilities want to work and are striving to work. According to the 2020 Annual Disability Statistics Compendium, there are in total 324,652 working-age Marylanders with disabilities. In the economic expansion prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 141,768 (43.6 percent) of those Marylanders have a job. However, because of the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, more than 1 million workers with disabilities nationwide have lost their jobs. As such, effectively and equitably rebuilding the economy is going to require investing in retraining, preparing and supporting those with barriers to work as they navigate a changed labor force. Further, given the tremendous diversity of both the wider nation and Maryland specifically, it is critical to disaggregate data by race. The disability community intersects with other, underrepresented communities. As such, understanding the disparate impacts of race and disability needs to begin with good data driving the decision-making process.
Prioritize Closing Gaps in Labor Force Participation Rate Outcomes by Race and Disability
Workers of color with disabilities faced different outcomes in the labor force even before COVID-19. According to Census Bureau data from 2019, in Maryland, only 38.2 percent of working-age African Americans with disabilities had jobs, compared to 58.1 percent of working-age Latinx people with disabilities and 58.4 percent of working-age Asian Americans with disabilities. Likewise, Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) people with disabilities had significantly higher rates of poverty than other elements of the disability community. In 2019, 26.4 percent of Maryland’s African Americans with disabilities lived in poverty, as did 14.8 percent of Hispanic/Latinx people with disabilities, 17.6 percent of Asian Americans with disabilities and 14.8 of white people with disabilities. Disparities and inequities have grown worse due to COVID-19.
Building the Caring Economy through Proven Models of Disability Employment
In looking for ways to both provide quality care to older Americans and to get more workers with disabilities into the labor force, policymakers should significantly expand the proven Project SEARCH model. Project SEARCH is a transformational school-to-work transition program for youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities that prepares them for good paying careers in hospitals, elder-care and the caring economy. The SEARCH model is a win-win-win for the host employer, the workers with disabilities, and the many older Americans helped by Project SEARCH trained workers. As a model it has already been replicated in 47 states, with dozens of satisfied employers, and hundreds of workers with disabilities earning minimum wage or more. This model is perfectly suited to the challenges of the present and could be expanded widely. There are already SEARCH sites actively placing young people with intellectual disabilities into the workforce in Montgomery and Howard Counties as well as at facilities at the National Institutes of Health, Joint Base Andrews, the Kennedy Krieger Institute, and the University of Maryland Medical Center. Other states such as Wisconsin have rapidly expanded the number of Project SEARCH sites to meet the needs of transition age youth with disabilities and Maryland could easily do the same in the months ahead.
Expand on the use of online, cohort-based apprenticeships for workers in the knowledge economy and the non-profit sector
The past year and the pandemic has made remote work an accepted reality for thousands of workers. This has been a “silver lining” of expanding and normalizing a common reasonable accommodation request long championed by workers with disabilities. Microsoft has dramatically expanded their accessibility features, including built-in speech to text technology which makes it possible for people with even the most limited mobility to use computers. This, along with free instant captioning on Zoom and other breakthroughs, has opened an unprecedented window for people with disabilities to contribute to the success of nonprofits, communities and beyond. Remote work also has great promise at expanding apprenticeship programs into more diverse sectors of the American economy, especially the knowledge economy. RespectAbility has retooled our own National Leadership Program from being a cohort-based, Washington D.C.-located internship program into an all-virtual, work-from-anywhere skills-based training program. Such approaches have major implications for efforts to train workers for good paying jobs in the knowledge economy and the non-profit sector.
Reduce Gaps in Disparate Impacts and Prioritize Equity
In order to rebuild from the COVID-19 pandemic and pave the way for an equitable economic recovery, it is critical to recognize the losses experienced by workers with disabilities over the past year. The nation’s overall labor force participation rate dropped to 61.4 percent in March 2021. At the same time, the data shows that workers with disabilities have seen an even bigger drop in their labor force participation. According to the University of New Hampshire’s Institute on Disability (UNH-IOD), the labor force participation rate for working-aged people with disabilities is currently only 33.4 percent. As the economy rebuilds and people get vaccinated, it will be critical to close the gap in labor-force participation rates for working-aged people with disabilities and their non-disabled peers.
Look at Strategies to Close the Gap in High School Graduation Rates
Likewise, working to close gaps in high school graduation rates also needs to be a key priority in the years ahead. Even now, far too many students with disabilities leave the school system without a diploma. Numerous studies have demonstrated that graduates of college will earn far more than college students who dropped out. By far, those earning the least are students without a high school diploma. A lack of a high school diploma is the negative ‘gift’ that keeps on hurting. As such, legislators have a moral imperative to invest in and expand services that will support the educational and employment success of more students with disabilities. In total, there are 98,188 students with disabilities enrolled in Maryland’s K-12 school system. Within that number, there are 257 American Indian or Alaska Native students with disabilities, 2,991 Asian students with disabilities, 40,262 Black or African American students with disabilities, 16,203 Hispanic/Latino students with disabilities, 103 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander students with disabilities, 4,372 Biracial students with disabilities, and 34,000 White students with disabilities. Recognizing the barriers and complexities that impact these students is a crucial responsibility for both your workforce board and the wider state government.
A 13th year to close the educational gap left by the pandemic
The pandemic has adversely impacted students with disabilities in the state of Maryland. The loss of instructional time has made valuable employment transition skills nonexistent due the pandemic and shortened school year. High school seniors, especially high school seniors with disabilities have run out of time to complete their high school diploma and take advantage of school to work transitional services. There is no make-up year unless one is created. An additional year of schooling or “13th year” is crucial to allow graduating students to succeed and enter the workforce. The pandemic should not deny transition services to this year’s seniors. As education is a civil right in the United States. If students fail to earn their high school diploma, then they will be denied the opportunity to go to college. Numerous studies have demonstrated graduates of college will earn far more than college students who drop out. By far those earning the least our students without a high school diploma. It is imperative that students with disabilities in Maryland are given a thirteenth year of schooling to close the gap the pandemic has created and allow them to take advantage of the additional time to complete their high school diploma and take advantage of transitional services to employment for their lifelong success.
Focus on Encouraging Disability Owned Businesses and Learning from Iowa Vocational Rehabilitation
Iowa’s Vocational Rehabilitation agency has embraced the current crisis by adopting a range of new virtual strategies, approaches, and procedures for providing high quality workforce service even amid a virtual pandemic. Some of those innovative approaches, have major implications for the future of VR. Iowa quickly invested in the technological infrastructure to provide virtual services statewide, adopted a cohort-based model for fostering social connections among VR clients on Zoom and tested other emerging practices throughout 2020. Many other states could learn from the innovations and ideas tested by Iowa and Iowans with disabilities. Iowa VR has embraced entrepreneurship and self-employment as one of the key virtual services provided to the youth with disabilities that they serve. This is a topic that merits deeper attention as the nation looks for innovative solutions to the challenge of building back better.
Look at Expanding Access to Entrepreneurship as a Workforce Solution
In the pre-pandemic era, job seekers with disabilities were already turning to self-employment in far higher numbers than their non-disabled peers. For many, they did so because being your own boss and owning a small business served as an end-run around the barriers to employment that hold back far too many people with disabilities. In looking at the issue of self-employment and promoting entrepreneurship among people with disabilities, special attention should be directed to the equity issues of access to capital and systemic racism. Several disability organizations have been advocating for the inclusion of people with disabilities as a specific category under the rules of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) and to advance racial diversity in the entrepreneurship space. Now it the appropriate time to begin digging deep into that work as an equitable workforce strategy.
Leverage Community College Resources to Improve Employment Outcomes for Students with Disabilities
Community colleges are crucial pieces of the nation’s workforce development infrastructure and in many states, community colleges help direct the investment of WIOA dollars in programs or agencies. State and local Workforce Investment Boards can build sector partnerships that leverage community colleges and other education and training providers to develop career pathways that align workforce supply and demand. WIOA emphasizes the value of recognized postsecondary credentials, and the attention given to career pathways in the act provides a way for community colleges to contribute to the growth of skilled and credentialed workers in their local areas. Community colleges in California received state funding for Disabled Student Programs and Services (DSPS) to assist in providing support services and educational accommodations to students with disabilities so they can have full and equitable access to the community college experience. Part of the community college experience can include job training and readiness. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Act), as amended by WIOA emphasizes the provision of services to students and youth with disabilities to ensure they have opportunities to receive the training and other services necessary to achieve competitive integrated employment. It also expands the population of students with disabilities who may receive services and the kinds of services that the VR agencies may provide to youth and students with disabilities who are transitioning from school to postsecondary education and employment. Making the connection /partnership with Disables Student Programs across every state with WIOA Eligible Training Provider programs at community colleges creates a pipeline of trained /certified workers with disabilities ready for the local competitive integrated job market.
Supporting Small Businesses to become Inclusive Employers
Beyond the human toll and tragedy of the past year, the pandemic has shuttered thousands of small businesses across the country. One recent Federal Reserve reportestimated that approximately 200,000 small businesses closed in 2020. In Maryland, Hogan has worked with state legislators to directly support dozens of local businesses through the Small Business COVID-19 RELIEF Grant Program. As the Old-Line State looks to rebuild local economies, small businesses are going to be crucial assets. At the same time, small businesses need access to resources and proven practices if they are going also become inclusive employers of people with disabilities. If we can find the right job for a person with a disability, it can and will benefit a businesses’ bottom line. As your Board looks to support Maryland small businesses, we hope that you can share many proven resources intended to support small businesses that aspire to recruit, hire and retain workers with disabilities. The Federal Office on Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) has a wide collection of materials, toolkits, and reports that include best practices for small businesses. Those resources can be found online here. Likewise, the Employer Assistance and Resource Network on Disability Inclusion (EARN) has materials that cover key topics such as building partnerships with local agencies and how to provide accommodations to maximize worker success. Those resources can be found here. Lastly, the Northeast ADA Center has a dedicated Small Business at Work Toolkit that is also worth your time and attention.
Pathways, Roadmaps, and Supporting Transition-Aged Youth with Clear Resources
One of the consistent and persistent challenges involved with workforce development is ensuring that people who need to navigate programs and agencies have the information they need to succeed. At a time when thousands of workers with disabilities have lost their jobs and hundreds of students with disabilities are graduating into an uncertain economic future, it is important that people understand what programs are out there to help them. Working closely with our partner organizations back in Los Angeles, RespectAbility spent a great deal of time developing a jobs guide detailing different pathways for those with disabilities impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. From specific information for transition aged youth with disabilities to details on securing services as an older worker who acquires a disability, this guide reflects key lessons on how to provide practical, useful information for members of the public. Similar guides could be incredibly useful to help Marylanders with and without disabilities navigate the workforce system. Likewise, earlier this year, our organization released People with Disabilities at Work: A Resource Guide to Achieving Economic Independence and Inclusion through Employment and Entrepreneurship. Developed over several years by our board member Ollie Cantos, this new guide is much broader in scope and includes detailed information on everything from workplace accommodations to navigating the benefits system and becoming an entrepreneur. These types of resources are especially useful for supporting transition aged youth with disabilities who are a crucial point in time between leaving the school system and entering the workforce. We hope that your board will take time to develop and distribute these types of resources to help more people successfully navigate Maryland’s workforce system.
Implement Best Practices
Look to the collected best practices previously documented by critical organizations such the National Governors Association (NGA) Better Bottom Line initiative and the Council of State Governments (CSG): Work Matters A Framework for States on Workforce Development for People with Disabilities. Likewise, look at the 2018 study completed by Accenture and the recently released report from Mercer and Global Disability Inclusion.
As an organization that advocates on behalf of job seekers with disabilities and their families, we believe that collecting the best ideas, emerging practices and innovative policies is critical to ensuring that American with and without disabilities have equal access to good jobs. Without such ideas communities and policymakers cannot direct appropriate resources to the places that need them most, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. If you have any questions or would like to discuss these matters further, our team stands ready to help, however we can. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Jennifer Laszlo Mizrahi
President and CEO
RespectAbility
JenniferM@RespectAbility.org
202-365-0787
Nelly Nieblas
Manager of Policy, Advocacy and Engagement
RespectAbility
nellyn@respectability.org
202-288-1588
Philip Kahn-Pauli
Policy and Practices Director
RespectAbility
philipp@respectability.org
202-525-8755
Acknowledgements: These comments were prepared with the invaluable support, insights and ideas of the following individuals: Stacey Herman, Jessica McLaren, Karen Leggett, and George Rathbone. Likewise, we also want to credit RespectAbility policy Fellows Claudia Runk, Morgan Davis, Gabriella Marquez, and Nakia Sims.
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